In the NASB, the named place of the dead is translated as “Hades” (G86). In 2 Peter 2:4, Tartarus is stated to be a holding tank for fallen angels awaiting judgement. Tartaroo, or Tartarus was a region of Hades, the Greek concept of the underworld of the dead Tartarus was the compartment for the evil or damned. In the NASB, the English word hell only appears one other time where it is not a translation of Gehenna, and that is in 2 Peter 2:4, when hell is a translation of “tartaroo” (G5020).
In each instance, a better approach would be to translate it as “Valley of Hinnom” and allow the reader the opportunity to interpret what Jesus meant by referring to this image of the smoldering combination landfill and sewage dump. Gehenna appears eleven times in the gospel accounts (Matthew 5:22, Matthew 5:29, Matthew 5:30, Matthew 10:28, Matthew 18:9, Matthew 23:15, Matthew 23:33 Mark 9:43, 9:45, 9:47, Luke 12:5), and one time in the epistles (James 3:5). Consequently, Jesus describes Gehenna as a place where “their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched” (Mark 9:44, 48). However, in the context of Jesus’s sermon, He is referencing a place where trash and the carcasses of dead animals were burned, and where dung was disposed. The valley’s name carries forward to current times it is currently called the “Hinnom Valley” and still sits just outside the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem (although it is no longer a dump). During the Babylonian invasion, mounds of dead human bodies were piled in Gehenna (Jeremiah 7:32). Each of these alternate names are connected to a time when the Kingdom of Judah fell into idolatry, where this valley was used as a location for child sacrifice to the pagan god Moloch (2 Kings 23:10).
The Hinnom Valley or Gehenna was also called “Topeth” and “Valley of Slaughter” (2 Kings 23:10 Jeremiah 7:32). Its name stemmed from a family name, being originally called the Valley (“Gay” in Hebrew) of Hinnom (2 Chronicles 28:3 33:6 Jeremiah 7:31 32:35). In Jesus’s time, the Hinnom Valley, or Gehenna, was utilized as the city garbage dump and sewer. Gehenna is the English transliteration of the Greek transliteration of the Hebrew word “Hinnom.” Hinnom/Gehenna was the name of a valley just south of Jerusalem’s walls. The word “Gehenna” (G1067) is translated as hell many times in the Gospels.
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